Reliability-Based Maintenance for Operational Cost Efficiency in Geothermal Power Plants

Authors

  • Muhammad Khairul Amin PLN Nusantara Power Services
  • Ahmad Nur Zaman PLN Nusantara Power Services
  • Muhammad Hendra PLN Nusantara Power Services

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31328/bmb.v7i1.972

Keywords:

cost efficiency, geothermal power plant, investment feasibility, operational performance, reliability-based maintenance

Abstract

Operational cost efficiency is essential for maintaining the sustainability and competitiveness of energy companies, particularly in geothermal power plants with highly complex operational systems. However, maintenance activities that still rely heavily on corrective approaches often lead to frequent failures, increased downtime, and higher operational costs. This study aims to analyze the implementation of reliability-based maintenance (RBM) and evaluate its investment feasibility in improving operational cost efficiency. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using a case study on the Fluid Collection and Reinjection System (FCRS) at the Lumut Balai Geothermal Power Plant. Data were analyzed through before–after comparison, cost-benefit analysis, return on investment (ROI), and payback period analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of preventive maintenance innovation through the CLEAR-FCRS system significantly reduced downtime duration from 2–3 hours to 15–30 minutes and decreased failure frequency. Financially, an investment of IDR 44,000,000 generated annual operational savings of IDR 177,600,000, with an ROI of 403.64% and a payback period of approximately three months. These findings demonstrate that integrating reliability-based maintenance with investment feasibility analysis can significantly improve operational reliability, cost efficiency, and overall operational performance in geothermal power plants.

References

American Petroleum Institute. (2019). API recommended practice 551: Process measurement instrumentation.

Bott, T. R. (1995). Fouling of heat exchangers. Pergamon/Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-82186-7.X5000-3

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

da Silva, R. F., & de Souza, G. F. M. (2022). Modeling a maintenance management framework for asset management based on ISO 55000 series guidelines. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 28(3), 915–937. https://doi.org/10.1108/JQME-08-2020-0082

da Silva, R. F., Melani, A. H. D. A., Michalski, M. A. D. C., & de Souza, G. F. M. (2023). Reliability and risk-centered maintenance: A novel method for supporting maintenance management. Applied Sciences, 13(19), 10605. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910605

da Silva, R. F., Melani, A. H. D. A., Michalski, M. A. D. C., de Souza, G. F. M., & Nabeta, S. I. (2024). Risk management of physical assets supported by maintenance performance indicators. Sustainability, 16(14), 6132. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146132

DiPippo, R. (2016). Geothermal power plants: Principles, applications, case studies and environmental impact (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2014-0-02885-7

Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 66–67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129

Ihemegbulem, I., & Baglee, D. (2017). ISO 55000 standard as a driver for effective maintenance budgeting. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Maintenance Engineering (InCoME-II 2017).

International Electrotechnical Commission. (2018). IEC 60300: Dependability management.

International Organization for Standardization. (2014). ISO 55000: Asset management—Overview, principles and terminology. https://www.iso.org/standard/55088.html

International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 31000: Risk management—Guidelines. https://www.iso.org/standard/65694.html

Liang, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, X., & Chen, P. (2024). Fouling prediction of a heat exchanger using wavelet neural network optimized by PSO. Processes, 12(11), 2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112412

Menéndez, M. C. M., Rodríguez, J. L. R., & García, P. R. (2022). Asset management system according to ISO 55000 standard. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurial Studies, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.37956/jbes.v6i4.314

Mobley, R. K. (2002). An introduction to predictive maintenance (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7531-4.X5000-3

More, S., Kulkarni, P., & Sharma, A. (2024). Maintenance decision-making in engineering asset management. Maintenance, Reliability and Condition Monitoring, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21595/marc.2024.23687

Patiño-Rodríguez, C. E., & Guevara Carazas, F. J. (2019). Maintenance and asset life cycle for reliability systems. In Reliability and Maintenance. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85845

Rausand, M., & Høyland, A. (2004). System reliability theory (2nd ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470316900

Resnik, D. B. (2020). What is ethics in research & why is it important? National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business (7th ed.). Wiley.

Southgate, J. M., Wilson, A., & Roberts, P. (2024). Cost-benefit analysis using dynamic fault tree and Monte Carlo simulations. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.09519

Towler, G., & Sinnott, R. (2022). Chemical engineering design (3rd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2019-0-02025-0

Ujević Andrijić, Ž., & Rimac, N. (2025). Data-driven fouling detection using neural networks. Sensors, 25(16), 4936. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164936

White, F. M. (2016). Fluid mechanics (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Downloads

Published

03-03-2026